With node.js, server-side JavaScript has been become highly popular. The ecosystem around node.js is rich, and you can find extension for anything.
While node.js builds on the V8 engine, most extensions are written in JavaScript. On the other hand, V8 is written in C++, and this talk will dive into the deep sea of development of extensions in C++.
But why do you want to write extensions in C++? First, accessing low-level ressources and system calls can be a requirement, and second you might need the performance of a compiled language like C++. Third but not least, interfacing to legacy code (often written in C, C++ or even Fortran) is a necessity.